Angular.js

AngularJS if/else Example

Hello readers, in this tutorial, we will learn how to implement and use the ng-if directive in the angular web applications. For this tutorial, we’ll have a checkbox element that will display the output if and only if the given condition is satisfied.

1. Introduction

Angular is a JavaScript MVC or Model-View-Controller framework developed by Google that lets developers build well structured, easily testable, and maintainable front-end applications. But before we start creating a real application using the angular library, let us see what the important parts of an angular application are.

1.1.1 Templates

In Angular, a template is an HTML with added markups. The angular library compiles the templates and renders the resultant HTML page.

1.1.2 Directives

Directives are the markers (i.e. attributes) on a DOM element that tell angular to attach a specific behavior to that DOM element or even transform the DOM element and its children. Most of the directives in the angular library start with the ng. The directives consist of the following parts:

  • ng-app: The ng-app directive is a starting point. If the angular framework finds the ng-app directive anywhere in the HTML document, it bootstraps (i.e. initializes) itself and compiles the HTML template
  • ng-model: The ng-model directive binds an HTML element to a property on the $scope object. It also binds the values of angular application data to the HTML input controls
  • ng-bind: The ng-bind directive binds the angular application data to the HTML tags
  • ng-controller: The ng-controller directive specifies a controller in the HTML element. This controller will add behavior or support the data in that HTML element and its child elements
  • ng-if: The ng-if directive evaluates the given condition and displays the result if and only if the given condition is satisfied. This directive is different from the ng-hide directive as the latter only hides the HTML element while the former completely removes the element from the HTML DOM

1.1.3 Expressions

An expression is like a JavaScript code usually wrapped inside the double curly braces such as {{ expression }}. Angular library evaluates the expression and produces a result.

These new APIs make developer’s life easier, really! But it would be difficult for a beginner to understand this without an example. Therefore, let us create a simple application using the ng-if directive.

2. AngularJS If/Else Example

Here is a step-by-step guide for implementing the ng-if directive in the angular web applications.

2.1 Tools Used

We are using Eclipse Kepler SR2, JDK 8 and Maven. Having said that, we have tested the code against JDK 1.7 and it works well.

2.2 Project Structure

Firstly, let’s review the final project structure if you are confused about where you should create the corresponding files or folder later!

Fig. 1: Angular 'if/else' Application Project Structure
Fig. 1: Application Project Structure

2.3 Project Creation

This section will show how to create a Java-based Maven project with Eclipse. In Eclipse Ide, go to File -> New -> Maven Project.

Fig. 2: Create Maven Project
Fig. 2: Create Maven Project

In the New Maven Project window, it will ask you to select project location. By default, ‘Use default workspace location’ will be selected. Just click on next button to proceed.

Fig. 3: Project Details
Fig. 3: Project Details

Select the ‘Maven Web App’ Archetype from the list of options and click next.

Fig. 4: Archetype Selection
Fig. 4: Archetype Selection

It will ask you to ‘Enter the group and the artifact id for the project’. We will enter the details as shown in the below image. The version number will be by default: 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.

Fig. 5: Archetype Parameters
Fig. 5: Archetype Parameters

Click on Finish and the creation of a maven project is completed. If you see, it has downloaded the maven dependencies and a pom.xml file will be created. It will have the following code:

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>AngularIfElse</groupId>
	<artifactId>AngularIfElse</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>war</packaging>
</project>

Let’s start building the application!

3. Application Building

Let’s create an application to understand the basic building blocks of the ng-if directive in the angular library.

3.1 Load the AngularJS framework

Since it is a pure JavaScript framework, we should add its reference using the <script> tag.

<script type="text/javascript" src="resource/js/angular_v1.6.0.js"></script>

3.2 Define the AngularJS application

Next, we will define the angular application using the <ng-app> directive.

index.jsp

<div ng-app = "">
 	.....
</div>

3.3 Define the HTML DOM Structure

The DOM structure consists of a checkbox which if checked will display the output message and if unchecked will not display the output message (i.e. it will completely remove the HTML component). The DOM structure will have the following prototype form:

index.jsp

<div ng-app="">	
	<div class="checkbox">		
		<input id="checkbox1" type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" ng-init="checked = true">
	</div>
	
	<div id="output" ng-if="checked">
		<span id="text">Hi... Welcome to the Angular world!</span>
	</div>
</div>

3.4 Complete Application

Complete the above steps and I will show you how to implement the if/else functionality. Let’s see the simple HTML code snippet to understand the usage of ng-if directive in the angular web applications.

index.jsp

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
	    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
	    <title>AngularJS IfElse</title>
	
	    <!-- AngularJs File -->
	    <script type="text/javascript" src="resource/js/angular_v1.6.0.js"></script>
	
	    <!-- Bootstrap Css -->
	    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.webcodegeeks.com/wp-content/litespeed/localres/aHR0cHM6Ly9tYXhjZG4uYm9vdHN0cmFwY2RuLmNvbS8=bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css">
	</head>
	<body>
	    <div id="angularIfElse" class="container">
	        <h1 align="center" class="text-primary">AngularJS - If/Else Example</h1>
	        <hr />
	
	        <!------ AngularJs If/Else Example ------>
	        <div ng-app="">
	            <h3 id="header_msg" class="text-warning">A demo of <em>if/else</em> in Angular JavaScript!</h3>
	            <div> </div>
	
	            <div class="checkbox">
	                <label class="form-check-label" for="checkbox1">Option 1</label>
	                <input id="checkbox1" type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" ng-init="checked = true">
	            </div>
	            <div> </div>
	
	            <div id="output" ng-if="checked">
	                <span id="text" class="text-success">Hi... Welcome to the Angular world!</span>
	            </div>
	        </div>
	    </div>
	</body>
</html>

4. Run the Application

As we are ready for all the changes, let us compile the project and deploy the application on the Tomcat7 server. To deploy the application on Tomat7, right-click on the project and navigate to Run as -> Run on Server.

Fig. 6: How to Deploy Application on Tomcat
Fig. 6: How to Deploy Application on Tomcat

Tomcat will deploy the application in its web-apps folder and shall start its execution to deploy the project so that we can go ahead and test it in the browser.

5. Project Demo

Open your favorite browser and hit the following URL. The output page using the ng-if directive will be displayed.

http://localhost:8080/AngularIfElse/

Server name (localhost) and port (8080) may vary as per your Tomcat configuration.

Fig. 7: Application Index page
Fig. 7: Application Index page

Here, if the checkbox is unchecked, the output message gets hidden (i.e. the HTML component will be removed from the DOM).

Fig. 8: Output message gets Hidden
Fig. 8: Output message gets Hidden

6. Conclusion

In this tutorial, developers learned how to create a simple angular application using the ng-if directive. Developers can download the sample application as an Eclipse project in the Downloads section.

7. Download the Eclipse Project

This was a tutorial of the if/else functionality in the angular library.

Download
You can download the full source code of this example here: AngularIfElse

Yatin

The author is graduated in Electronics & Telecommunication. During his studies, he has been involved with a significant number of projects ranging from programming and software engineering to telecommunications analysis. He works as a technical lead in the information technology sector where he is primarily involved with projects based on Java/J2EE technologies platform and novel UI technologies.
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